Reflections on the Engsi

1…… Turkmensko-russkii slovar’, Baskakov, N. A., Karryev, B. A., Khamzaev, M. Ia., eds., Moscow, 1968, p. 79; Turkmen dilining sozlugi, Khamzaev, M. Ia., ed., Ashgabat, 1962, p. 814; Turkmensko-russkii slovar’, Akademiya nauk, Leningrad, 1968, p. 185, p. 307.
2….Dudin, “Kovry Srednei Azii”, Stolitsa I Usad’ba, No. 77-78, March 30, 1917, p. 11; Felkersham, Baron A., “Starinnie Kovry Srednei Azii”, Starye Gody, Apl – May, p. 76.
3…… Radlov, V. V., Opyt slovartia tiurkskikh nariechii, St. Petersburg, 1893 — 1911.
4…..In shaky Russian, a conversation with Y. Azemovn concerning his paper abstract, “Carpet Terminology in Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkik Texts”, Asgabad, 1996.
5…… Desmaisons, Petr. I., History of the Mongols and the Tatars, by Ebulgazi Baradin Khan, Khivan Khan, 1603 — 1664, after a manuscript in the Asiatic Museum, St. Petersburg (1871–74), Philo Press reprint, Amsterdam, 1970, p. 337, p. 338.
6…… Moshkova, V. G., “Plemennye ‘goli’ v turkmenskikh kovrakh”, Sovetskaya etnografiya, 1946, Moscow/Leningrad, p. 147.
7….Neumann, Helmut, “Turkomania Meets Science”, HALI 104, pp. 82-85.
8…… Khodzhamakhametov, N., and Dovodov, N., Carpets and Carpet Products of Turkmenistan, Askhabad, 1973, p. 139.
9…… Pinner, R., and Franses, M., “The Animal Tree Ensi”, Turkoman Studies 1, London, 1980, p. 135.
10…… Pinkerton, John, “The Remarkable Travels of William de Ruberuck”, Voyages and Travels, 1811, Vol. 7, p. 28; Bergeron, Pierre de, Voyages, including Plano de Carpin (1585), Paris, 1830, p. 157; Brocherel, Jules, “The Kirghiz”, The Scottish Geographical Magazine, Vol. V, p. 399; Curtis, William Eleroy, Turkestan, The Heart of Asia, New York, 1911, p. 116.
11…Felkersham , Baron A., op. cit., p. 76.
12…… Cholet, Pierre, Excursion en Turkestan, Paris, 1889, p. 210.
13….Aucher Eloy, Remi, Relations de Voyages en Orient, (c. 1830), Paris, 1843, p. 532.
14…… Karutz, R., Unter Kirgisen und Turkmen, Leipzig, 1911, Plates 6 & 7, Plate 17, Figure 12
15…… Olufsen, O., The Emir of Bokhara and His Country, (1898), London, 1911, p. 324.
16…… Tzareva, Elena, Rugs & Carpets from Central Asia, Leningrad, 1984, p. 14.
17….Lessar, P. M., Yugo-zapadnya Turkmeniya, 1885, p. 53.
18…… Astaf’ev, A. A., Tekinskie Ornamenty c ikx primlneniem dlya Kovrov, Vyshivok i proch., 1885.
19……Lownds, G., “The Turkoman Carpet as a Furnishing Fabric”, Turkoman Studies II, ed. Franses, Michael and Pinner, Robert, London, 1980.
20…… Adamov, A. V., Sovetskie Kovry i Ikh Eksport, Moscow-Leningrad, 1934, p. 19.
21…… The Illustrated London News, March 28, 1885, p. 31; Moran, Neil, “Saryk ABC”, HALI, May 1997, p. 71.
22……Proceedings of the Royal Geographic Society, Afghan Boundary Commission, Geographical Notes. III, New Series vol. 7, 1885, p. 282. Robert Pittinger of New York kindly shared this information.
Moscow, 1950, p. 34.
23…Pinner, Robert, “The Turkmen Ensi in Literature and in Life”, HALI 132, Jan – Feb 2004, p. 98
24…… Felkersham, op. cit., p. 95.
25…… Seymour, H. D., ed. note, in Ferrier, op. cit., p. 91; Felkersham, op. cit., p. 75, p. 75, p. 96; Dudin, (1926), op. cit., p. 127
26…… Olufsen, O., The Emir of Bokhara and His Country, London, 1911, p. 546.
27…… Felkersham, Baron A., op. cit., pp. 34–37.
28…… Dudin, S. M., “Kovrovye izdeliya Srednei Azii”, Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii, V VII, Moscow, 1928, p. 88; Dudin, S. M., op. cit., p . 11; Yampolsky, I. P., “Kustarnoye delo”, Asiatskaya Rossiya, V II, St. Petersburg, 1914, p. 398; Dmitriev-Mamonov, A. I., Putevoditel’ po Turkestanu, St. Petersburg, 1903, p. 115.
29…… Felkersham, op. cit., p. 72, p. 82, p. 83.
30…… Khodzhamakhametov, N., and Dovodov, N., op. cit., p. 139 ff.
31…… Ponamarev, O., “Motivy Turkmen c kogo ornamenta”, Turkmenovedenie, #7/9, 1931, pp. 92 — 96.
32…… Tzareva, Elena, op. cit.
33…… Gogel, F. V., Kovry,
34…… Palen, K. K. Mission to Turkestan, trans. N. J. Couriss, London, 1964, (trip, 1908–1909), p. 65; Yampolskii, I. P., op. cit., p. 398; Dmitriev-Mamonov, A. I., op. cit., p. 115; Felkersham, op. cit., p. 96.
35…… Niyazis, N. M., Devlet “Tyrkmenkhaly” birleshigi, Asgabad, May 1996, unpublished abstract.
36…… Maundrell, Henry, A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, at Easter A. D. 1697, Oxford, 1732, p. 394; Tournefort, J. P., Relation d’un Voyage du Levant, Lyons, 1727, Vol. II, p. 350, p. 358, p. 359; D’Hosson, Chevalier de, Tableau General de l’Empire Othoman, Paris, 1788, Vol II, p. 510; Wittman, William, Travels in Turkey…, London, 1830, p. 318.
37…… Nassiri Khosran, Relation du Voyage, trans. Chas. Shefer, Paris, 1881, p. 200. 38……Dudin, S. M., (1926) op. cit., p. 117, p. 127, p. 135. _
39…… Obzor Zakaspiiskii oblasti za 1900 gode, Askhabad, 1902, pp. 100–117; Obzor Zakaspiiskoi oblasti za 1911 g., Askhabad, 1915, pp. 207–212.
40… Obzor Zakaspiiski oblasti za 1892 g., Askhabad, 1893, pp. 91 – 92.
41…… Yampolskii, I. P., op. cit., p. 399. 42…… Felkersham, op. cit., p. 108.
43…… Pinkerton, John, Voyages, Vol. IX, 1811, p. 329.
44…… Khodzhamukhamedov, N., and Dovodov, N., op. cit., p. 106; Tsareva, Elena, op. cit., p. 47.
45……Tsareva, Elena, op. cit., p. 152.
46…… Lentz, Thomas W., and Lowry, Glenn D., Timur and the Princely Vision, Washington, 1989, pp. 216 – 218, pp. 220 -221.
47…… Briggs, Amy, “Timurid Carpets”, Ars Islamica 7, 1940, pp. 20 — 54.
48…… Allworth, Edward A., The Modern Uzbegs, Stanford, 1990, p. 61, p. 247.
49…… Desmaisons, Petr. I. Histoire des Mongols et des Tatares par Aboul-Ghazi Behadour Khan, Philo Press reprint, Amsterdam, 1970, p. 215 ff.
50…… Frye, Richard N., Bukhara, The Medieval Achievement, Norman, 1965, p. 185, p.